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Early Church Figures, 1830–1844

118 people who held a role or were named in a Doctrine and Covenants revelation. Search or filter below; the full spreadsheet (with birthplaces, death dates, and source notes) is available to download.

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NameCategoryBornOffice(s)D&CIn D&C?Fate by ~1844Significance
Jesse GauseProphet / First Presidency1784 · East Marlborough, PennsylvaniaCounselor in the Presidency of the High Priesthood 1832 (<9 months)81 (originally addressed to him; name later replaced with F.G. Williams)YesExcommunicated Dec 1832; left the churchThe 'forgotten' first counselor of D&C 81
Frederick G. WilliamsProphet / First Presidency1787 · Suffield, Connecticut2nd Counselor in First Presidency 1833–37; physician; scribe81(calling),90,92,102YesRemoved 1837; excommunicated 1839; reconciled 1840; died in fellowship 1842First Presidency counselor and Joseph Smith's physician
Sidney RigdonProphet / First Presidency1793 · St. Clair Twp., PennsylvaniaCounselor in the First Presidency 1833–44; spokesman; JST scribe35,36,37,40,41,44,49,52,58,61,63,70,71,73,76(shared vision),90,93,100,124YesFaithful through 1844; rejected as leader after the martyrdom; excommunicated Sept 1844Chief counselor and orator of the early church
Joseph Smith Jr.Prophet / First Presidency1805 · Sharon, VermontFirst Elder 1830; President of the Church 1832–44; Mayor of Nauvoo 1842–44; Lt. Gen., Nauvoo LegionRecipient of most revelations; e.g. 3,5,6,10,17,18,19,20,21,24,28…; martyrdom in 135YesMartyred at CarthageFounding prophet and translator of the Book of Mormon
Joseph Smith Sr.Smith family1771 · Topsfield, MassachusettsPresiding Patriarch & Assistant President 1834; Assistant Counselor, First Presidency 18374,23,90,124YesDied faithful 1840Family patriarch, one of the Eight Witnesses, first Presiding Patriarch
Lucy Mack SmithSmith family1775 · Gilsum, New Hampshire(no ecclesiastical office); honored 'Mother in Israel'NoRemained faithful; stayed in Nauvoo after 1844 (did not go to Utah)Matriarch and author of the foundational family memoir
Alvin SmithSmith family1798 · Tunbridge, Vermont(died 1823, before the church was organized)137:5 (posthumous vision)YesPredeceased the church (died 1823)His death shaped doctrine on salvation of the dead
Hyrum SmithSmith family1800 · Tunbridge, Vermont2nd Counselor First Presidency 1837; Presiding Patriarch & Assistant President 184111,23,124(91–96),135YesMartyred at CarthageJoseph's brother, Patriarch, Eight Witness, and co-martyr
Sophronia Smith McClearySmith family1803 · Tunbridge, Vermont(no office)NoRemained in Illinois; later joined the RLDS ChurchEldest sister of Joseph Smith
Samuel H. SmithSmith family1808 · Tunbridge, VermontElder; among the first missionaries 1830; High Council 183423,52,75YesDied faithful weeks after the martyrdom (fever)One of the first missionaries and an Eight Witness
Katharine Smith SalisburySmith family1813 · Lebanon, New Hampshire(no office)NoRemained in Illinois; later joined the RLDS ChurchYounger sister and long-lived witness
Don Carlos SmithSmith family1816 · Norwich, VermontPresident, High Priests Quorum 1836; first editor of the Times and Seasons 1839–41; Brig. Gen., Nauvoo Legion124:133YesDied faithful 1841 (pneumonia)Youngest brother and Nauvoo's first newspaper editor
Emma Hale SmithSmith family / Relief Society1804 · Harmony, PennsylvaniaBook of Mormon scribe; hymnal compiler 1835; first President, Nauvoo Relief Society 184225YesWidowed 1844; remained in Nauvoo; later supported the RLDS ChurchThe 'elect lady' of D&C 25 and Relief Society founder
Martin HarrisBook of Mormon Witnesses1783 · Easton, New YorkHigh Priest 1831; Kirtland High Council 1834; Three Witnesses3,5,10,17,19YesExcommunicated 1837; long separated; rebaptized in Utah 1870Financier of the Book of Mormon; a Three Witness who never denied his testimony
Christian WhitmerBook of Mormon Witnesses1798 · Dauphin County, PennsylvaniaTeacher 1830; Far West High CouncilNoDied faithful 1835 (before the family's 1838 break)Eldest Whitmer son and an Eight Witness
Hiram PageBook of Mormon Witnesses1800 · VermontTeacher 183028 (his seer-stone 'revelations' rebuked)YesLeft with the Whitmers after 1838; affirmed the witnessAn Eight Witness; occasion of D&C 28
Jacob WhitmerBook of Mormon Witnesses1800 · Pennsylvania(local roles)NoExcommunicated 1838; never returned but affirmed the witnessAn Eight Witness
Oliver CowderyBook of Mormon Witnesses1806 · Wells, VermontSecond Elder 1830; Three Witnesses; Assistant President 1834; Church Recorder6,7,8,9,13,17,18,20,21,23,24,26,28,110…YesExcommunicated 1838; out of the church in this window (rebaptized 1848)Chief scribe of the Book of Mormon, Second Elder, and a Three Witness
Peter Whitmer Jr.Book of Mormon Witnesses1809 · Fayette, New YorkLamanite missionary 1830–31; Far West High Council16,30(5–8)YesDied faithful 1836 (tuberculosis)Youngest Whitmer son, Eight Witness, and early missionary
John WhitmerBook of Mormon Witnesses / Missouri leadership1802 · PennsylvaniaFirst Church Historian 1831; editor, Messenger and Advocate 1835; counselor in the Missouri presidency15,26,30(9–11),47,69,70YesExcommunicated 1838; kept the history records; affirmed the witnessFirst official Church Historian and an Eight Witness
David WhitmerBook of Mormon Witnesses / Missouri leadership1805 · near Harrisburg, PennsylvaniaThree Witnesses; President of the Church in Missouri (Zion) 1834–3814,17,18,30,52YesExcommunicated 1838; never returned; affirmed his testimony to the endLongest-lived of the Three Witnesses
Peter Whitmer Sr.Whitmer family1773 · Pennsylvania(no prominent office)NoLeft with the family after 1838His Fayette home was the site of the church's April 1830 organization
Mary Musselman WhitmerWhitmer family1778 · Germany(no office)NoLeft with the family after 1838Reported an unofficial vision of the plates ('ninth witness')
Joseph Knight Sr.Knight family1772 · Oakham, MassachusettsColesville branch member12,23(6–7)YesDied faithful during the exodus (1847)Early patron who materially supported the translation
Newel KnightKnight family1800 · Marlborough, VermontHigh Priest; Missouri High Council; Colesville company leader52,54,56,72,124YesDied faithful during the exodus (1847)Subject of what Joseph Smith called the church's first miracle
Joseph Knight Jr.Knight family1808 · Halifax, VermontPriest; emigrant-company captain 1846NoFaithful; gathered to UtahFaithful early convert who emigrated to Utah
Isaac MorleyMissouri (Zion) leadership1786 · Montague, MassachusettsCounselor to Bishop Partridge; Patriarch 1837; founder of Manti, Utah52,64YesRemained faithful; died in UtahKirtland communal leader and Missouri bishopric counselor
Algernon Sidney GilbertMissouri (Zion) leadership1789 · New Haven County, ConnecticutChurch agent and keeper of the storehouse in Missouri; elder 183153,57,61,64,82,90YesDied faithful 1834 (Zion's Camp cholera)Commercial agent who ran the Lord's storehouse in Zion
William W. PhelpsMissouri (Zion) leadership1792 · Hanover, New JerseyChurch printer 1831; counselor in the Missouri presidency55,57,58,70 (and 85, a letter to him)YesExcommunicated 1838; reconciled/rebaptized 1840; died faithful in UtahFirst church printer and hymn-writer ('The Spirit of God,' 'Praise to the Man')
Edward PartridgeMissouri (Zion) leadership1793 · Pittsfield, MassachusettsFirst Bishop of the Church 1831; Bishop in Missouri 1831–4036,41,42,50,51,52,57,58,60,64,82,115,124YesDied faithful 1840 (tarred & feathered 1833; imprisoned 1838)The church's first bishop; administered consecration in Zion
John CorrillMissouri (Zion) leadership1794 · MassachusettsCounselor to Bishop Partridge; keeper of the storehouse 1837; Missouri legislator 183850,52YesLeft the church; testified against Joseph 1838; excommunicated 1839; wrote a critical historyAssistant bishop who became a measured dissenter and historian
John JohnsonKirtland leadership & bishopric1778 · Chesterfield, New HampshireElder/High Priest 1833; Kirtland High Council 1834; united firm member96YesRemoved from the high council 1837; drifted from activity; stayed in KirtlandHost of the Hiram farm revelation site
Reynolds CahoonKirtland leadership & bishopric1790 · Cambridge, New YorkKirtland Temple building committee; counselor to Bishop Whitney; stake presidency counselor52,61,75,94YesRemained faithful; to UtahMember of the Kirtland Temple committee
Newel K. WhitneyKirtland leadership & bishopric1795 · Marlborough, VermontBishop of Kirtland 1831; later Presiding Bishop of the Church 184763,64,72,78,84,93,96,104,117YesRemained faithful; to UtahSecond bishop; his store housed the School of the Prophets
David W. PattenQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1799 · VermontApostle (ord. Feb 15, 1835)114; referenced posthumously in 124YesFaithful; died 1838First Latter-day Saint apostle to die a martyr's death
Thomas B. MarshQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1800 · Acton, MassachusettsPresident of the Quorum of the Twelve 1835–38 (ord. Apr 26, 1835)31,52,56,75,112YesApostatized 1838; excommunicated 1839; rebaptized 1857 (rank not restored)First President of the Twelve; his 1838 apostasy became a cautionary tale
Brigham YoungQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1801 · Whitingham, VermontApostle (ord. Feb 14, 1835); President of the Twelve 1840; 2nd Church President 1847126; named in 124YesFaithful; led the church after the martyrdomDirected the Twelve's rise and the westward migration
Heber C. KimballQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1801 · Sheldon, VermontApostle (ord. Feb 14, 1835); opened the British Mission 1837; 1st Counselor, First Presidency 1847124YesFaithfulPioneered the pivotal 1837 British mission
Orson HydeQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1805 · Oxford, ConnecticutApostle (ord. Feb 15, 1835); dedicated the Holy Land 184168,75,100,102,103,124YesWavered 1838, dropped May 1839, restored June 1839; faithfulThe one 1838 apostolic dissenter who repented and rejoined
William E. McLellinQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1806 · Smith County, TennesseeApostle (ord. Feb 15, 1835)66,75 (context of 67)YesExcommunicated 1838; never returned; organized rival churchesProminent apostle turned persistent critic
Luke S. JohnsonQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1807 · Pomfret, VermontApostle (ord. Feb 15, 1835); later a bishop in Utah68,75YesExcommunicated 1838; rebaptized 1846 (not re-ordained apostle); died faithfulOriginal apostle who left and returned as a bishop
Parley P. PrattQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1807 · Burlington, New YorkLamanite missionary 1830–31; Apostle (ord. Feb 21, 1835)32,49,50,52,97,103,124YesFaithful (brief 1837 estrangement)Founding apostle and author ('Voice of Warning')
John F. BoyntonQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1811 · Bradford, MassachusettsApostle (ord. Feb 15, 1835)NoDropped from the Twelve 1837; excommunicated 1837; became a scientist/inventorApostle who left over the Kirtland banking failure
Lyman E. JohnsonQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1811 · Pomfret, VermontApostle (ord. Feb 14, 1835 — among the first ordained)68,75YesExcommunicated 1838; never returned; became a lawyerOne of the first apostles ordained; permanently left
Orson PrattQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1811 · Hartford, New YorkApostle (ord. Apr 26, 1835); later Church Historian34,52,75,124,136YesBrief excommunication 1842, rebaptized 1843; faithfulForemost early theologian/mathematician
William SmithQuorum of the Twelve (1835)1811 · Royalton, VermontApostle (ord. Feb 1835); Presiding Patriarch 1845124YesAn Apostle in 1844; excommunicated 1845; later Strangite, then RLDSThe Prophet's brother; contested succession after 1844
Lyman WightQuorum of the Twelve (1841)1796 · Fairfield, New YorkHigh Priest 1831; Adam-ondi-Ahman stake president 1838; Apostle (ord. Apr 1841)52,103,124YesFaithful in 1844; led a colony to Texas after the martyrdom; excommunicated 1848The 'Wild Ram of the Mountains'
John E. PageReplacement Apostles (1838–41)1799 · Trenton, New YorkApostle (ord. Dec 1838)118YesFaithful in 1844; excommunicated 1846; later StrangiteCalled to fill the Twelve; failed to sustain his standing after 1844
Willard RichardsReplacement Apostles (1838–41)1804 · Hopkinton, MassachusettsApostle (ord. Apr 1840 in England); Church Historian; 2nd Counselor, First Presidency 1847118,124,135YesFaithful; the only man in Carthage Jail unharmed at the martyrdomEyewitness scribe of the martyrdom
Wilford WoodruffReplacement Apostles (1838–41)1807 · Farmington, ConnecticutApostle (ord. Apr 1839); 4th Church President 1889 (issued the 1890 Manifesto)118,124YesFaithfulDiarist of the Restoration and later church president
John TaylorReplacement Apostles (1838–41)1808 · Milnthorpe, EnglandApostle (ord. Dec 1838); editor, Times and Seasons / Nauvoo Neighbor; 3rd Church President 1880118,124,135(author)YesFaithful; severely wounded at CarthageSurvivor of the Carthage attack; later church president
George A. SmithReplacement Apostles (1838–41)1817 · Potsdam, New YorkApostle (ord. Apr 1839, age 21); later 1st Counselor to Brigham Young 1868124YesFaithfulYoungest of the apostolic cohort; a Smith-family cousin
Hazen AldrichFirst Seven Presidents of the Seventy1797 · VermontPresident of the Seventy 1835; returned to the high priests 1837NoLater left; associated with the StrangitesAn original president of the Seventy
Joseph YoungFirst Seven Presidents of the Seventy1797 · Hopkinton, MassachusettsSenior President of the Seventy 1835 (long-serving)NoFaithful; to UtahSenior president of the Seventy for decades
Levi W. HancockFirst Seven Presidents of the Seventy1803 · Springfield, MassachusettsElder 1831; one of the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy52YesFaithful; to UtahLong-serving president of the Seventy
Lyman R. ShermanFirst Seven Presidents of the Seventy1804 · Monkton, VermontPresident of the Seventy 1835108 (addressed to him)YesFaithful; died early 1839Recipient of D&C 108; named to the Twelve but died before ordination
Zebedee ColtrinFirst Seven Presidents of the Seventy1804 · Ovid, New YorkElder 1831; president of the Seventy 1835 (returned to high priests 1837)52YesFaithful; to UtahAn original president of the Seventy
Sylvester SmithFirst Seven Presidents of the Seventy1806 · Tyringham, MassachusettsPresident of the Seventy 1835 (returned to high priests 1837)75YesLater disciplined/estrangedPresident of the Seventy who clashed with Joseph on Zion's Camp
Leonard RichFirst Seven Presidents of the SeventyunverifiedPresident of the Seventy 1835; returned to the high priests 1837NoLater fell awayAn original president of the Seventy
Emer HarrisEarly elders & missionaries1781 · Cambridge, New YorkElder75YesFaithful; to UtahMission-called elder; brother of Martin Harris
Leman CopleyEarly elders & missionaries1781 · Connecticut(no lasting office)49,54 (his broken covenant)YesLeft; rescinded his consecration 1831; later minor splintersEx-Shaker whose reneged land covenant forced the Colesville move
Hezekiah PeckEarly elders & missionaries1782 · Guilford, New YorkPriest 1832; Bishop of the Nauvoo Tenth Ward 1844NoRemained faithfulStalwart Colesville convert and later Nauvoo ward bishop
Vienna JaquesEarly elders & missionaries1787 · Beverly, Massachusetts(laywoman; consecrated her wealth); among the first women endowed90(28–31)YesFaithful; emigrated to Utah; died at age 96One of the very few women named in the D&C, singled out for her consecration
Ezra ThayreEarly elders & missionaries1791 · Randolph, VermontElder; Seventy 1835; Adam-ondi-Ahman high council 1838; Council of Fifty 184433,52,56YesStayed in Nauvoo; rejected Brigham Young; rebaptized 1854, then RLDS 1860An early convert; occasion of the rebuke in D&C 56
Ezra BoothEarly elders & missionaries1792 · Newtown, ConnecticutHigh Priest 1831; mission to Missouri52 (apostasy alluded to in 64)YesApostatized Sept 1831; wrote nine anti-Mormon lettersFirst prominent apostate and published critic
John MurdockEarly elders & missionaries1792 · Kortright, New YorkElder/High Priest; Missouri high councilor; later Patriarch52,99YesRemained faithful; died in UtahFaithful missionary-elder
Symonds RyderEarly elders & missionaries1792 · Hartford, VermontElder52:31 (name famously misspelled 'Symonds Ryder')YesLeft by Sept 1831; linked to the March 1832 tar-and-feather mobConvert-turned-apostate tied to the tarring of Joseph Smith
Solomon HancockEarly elders & missionaries1793 · Springfield, MassachusettsElder; missionary52YesFaithful; died 1847Mission-called elder (D&C 52)
Wheeler BaldwinEarly elders & missionaries1793 · New YorkElder/High Priest 1831; presiding elder, Big Blue branch 183252YesLater Cutlerite (1854), then RLDS (1859)Early Missouri branch elder
Simeon CarterEarly elders & missionaries1794 · Killingworth, ConnecticutElder; missionary; high councilor52,75YesFaithful; died in UtahMission-called elder (D&C 52, 75)
Selah J. GriffinEarly elders & missionaries1795 · VirginiaElder; Second Quorum of the Seventy 1835; Kirtland high council; blacksmith52,56YesLater standing unverifiedMission-called elder repositioned by D&C 56
Gideon CarterEarly elders & missionaries1798 · Killingworth, ConnecticutElder75YesDied 1838 in the Battle of Crooked RiverMission-called elder killed with David Patten
Seymour BrunsonEarly elders & missionaries1798 · Plattsburg, New YorkElder; Nauvoo high council75YesDied faithful 1840Elder at whose funeral baptism for the dead was first taught
Daniel StantonEarly elders & missionaries1801 · Rensselaerville, New YorkElder75YesFaithful; to UtahMission-called elder (D&C 75)
Jared CarterEarly elders & missionaries1801 · Benson, VermontElder; missionary52,79YesLeft the church during the Kirtland dissentMissionary named in D&C 52 and 79
Northrop SweetEarly elders & missionaries1802 · New YorkElder 183133YesLeft almost immediately; co-founded the 'Pure Church of Christ' (1831)Recipient of D&C 33 who founded one of the first splinter groups
Sylvester Smith (elder)Early elders & missionaries1806 · Tyringham, MassachusettsElder (see also First Seven Presidents of the Seventy)75YesLater disciplinedMission-called elder; see Seventy entry
Harvey WhitlockEarly elders & missionaries1809 · unverifiedElder52YesDisaffected and reconciled repeatedlyMission-called elder (D&C 52)
Ziba PetersonEarly elders & missionaries1810 · New YorkElder; one of the four Lamanite missionaries32YesExcommunicated by 1833; went to the California gold rushLamanite missionary who fell away
Burr RiggsEarly elders & missionaries1811 · unverifiedElder75YesLater estrangedMission-called elder (D&C 75)
Heman BassettEarly elders & missionaries1814 · unverifiedElder (authority later removed)52:31 (authority transferred to Symonds Ryder)YesLeft the churchEarly elder whose priesthood authority was reassigned in D&C 52
Stephen BurnettEarly elders & missionaries1814 · unverifiedElder75YesLeft the church 1838Mission-called elder who apostatized
Asa DoddsEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)75YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 75 mission assignments
Calves WilsonEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)75YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 75 mission assignments
Eden SmithEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)75YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 75 mission assignments
Edson FullerEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)52YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 52 mission assignments
George JamesEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)52YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 52 mission assignments
Jacob ScottEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)52YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 52 mission assignments
Joseph WakefieldEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)52YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 52 mission assignments
Major N. AshleyEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)75YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 75 mission assignments
Micah B. WeltonEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)75YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 75 mission assignments
Ruggles EamesEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)75YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 75 mission assignments
Solomon HumphreyEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)52YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 52 mission assignments
William CarterEarly elders & missionariesunverifiedElder (mission call)52YesunverifiedElder named in D&C 52 mission assignments
Shadrach RoundyNauvoo leadership1789 · Rockingham, VermontNamed to the bishopric in D&C 124:141; Nauvoo policeman; Council of Fifty124:141YesFaithful; to UtahNamed with Vinson Knight and Samuel H. Smith to the bishopric
Isaac GallandNauvoo leadership1791 · Somerset County, PennsylvaniaElder; authorized church land agent124(78–79)YesInactive by ~1842 (not a dissenter)Land dealer whose sales enabled the settlement of Nauvoo and Iowa
William MarksNauvoo leadership1792 · Rutland, VermontNauvoo Stake President 1839–45; alderman; Council of Fifty 1844124(79–80)YesFaithful but wavering; supported Rigdon after 1844; later RLDSNauvoo Stake President who split in the succession crisis
George MillerNauvoo leadership1794 · near Stanardsville, VirginiaBishop 1841 (succeeding Partridge); Trustee-in-Trust 1844; Council of Fifty124(20–22)YesFaithful in 1844; later Strangite; excommunicated 1848Nauvoo bishop appointed by revelation
Peter HawsNauvoo leadership1796 · Upper Canada (Ontario)Nauvoo House Association; Nauvoo high council alternate; Council of Fifty 1844124(62,64)YesFaithful in 1844; later excommunicated 1849Nauvoo House Association trustee named in D&C 124
John SniderNauvoo leadership1800 · New Brunswick, CanadaSeventy 1839; Nauvoo House Association124(22,62)YesFaithful; to UtahCharged by revelation to help build the Nauvoo House
John C. BennettNauvoo leadership1804 · Fairhaven, MassachusettsAssistant President, First Presidency 1841–42; first Mayor of Nauvoo 1841–42; Major Gen., Nauvoo Legion124(16–17)YesExcommunicated 1842; became a leading public accuser; later Rigdon/StrangRapid-rising leader whose 1842 fall badly damaged the church
Vinson KnightNauvoo leadership1804 · Norwich, MassachusettsBishop's counselor 1836; acting bishop, Adam-ondi-Ahman 1838; Bishop at Nauvoo 1839; to the bishopric per 124:141124(74,141)YesDied faithful 1842Nauvoo bishop, often identified as Presiding Bishop 1841–42
Robert B. ThompsonNauvoo leadership1811 · Great Driffield, EnglandChurch clerk and scribe; general church clerk124YesDied faithful 1841Church clerk named in D&C 124
Almon W. BabbittNauvoo leadership1812 · Cheshire, MassachusettsSeventy 1835; President of the Kirtland Stake 1841; Illinois legislature 1844124:84 (reproved)YesDisfellowshipped several times, each restored; a memberNamed in D&C 124 to be rebuked, yet remained in the church
Amos DavisNauvoo leadership1813 · New HampshirePostmaster of Commerce 1839; Captain, Nauvoo Legion124:111YesNominal member; increasingly at odds with the city 1842–44Nauvoo merchant warned in D&C 124
Charles IvinsNauvoo dissenters1799 · New JerseyExpositor proprietorNoDissenter; Expositor proprietorSeventh proprietor of the Nauvoo Expositor
Wilson LawNauvoo dissenters1806 · IrelandMajor General, Nauvoo Legion 1842; Nauvoo City CouncilNoExcommunicated Apr 1844; cashiered from the Legion; Expositor proprietorWilliam Law's brother; Legion commander turned dissenter
Sylvester EmmonsNauvoo dissenters1808 · Hunterdon County, New JerseyNauvoo City Council 1843–44; editor of the Nauvoo ExpositorNoNon-member dissenter; suspended from the City CouncilEditor of the Nauvoo Expositor
William LawNauvoo dissenters1809 · County Tyrone, Ireland2nd Counselor, First Presidency 1841–44124 (called to the First Presidency)YesRemoved early 1844; excommunicated Apr 1844; led a rival church; Nauvoo ExpositorFormer First Presidency counselor who became the leading Nauvoo dissenter
Robert D. FosterNauvoo dissenters1811 · Braunston, EnglandSurgeon General, Nauvoo Legion 1841; Regent, University of Nauvoo124:115YesExcommunicated Apr 1844; Expositor proprietorPhysician/developer named in D&C 124 who became a core dissenter
Charles A. FosterNauvoo dissenters1815 · Braunston, EnglandExpositor proprietorNoDissenter; Expositor proprietorRobert Foster's brother and Expositor co-publisher
Francis M. HigbeeNauvoo dissenters1820 · Tate, OhioColonel, Nauvoo LegionNoExcommunicated May 1844; Expositor proprietor; his complaint triggered Joseph's fatal arrestDissenter whose legal complaint led to the arrest at Carthage
Chauncey L. HigbeeNauvoo dissenters1821 · OhioAide-de-camp to Gen. Bennett, Nauvoo Legion; later an Illinois lawyer/judgeNoExcommunicated May 1842; Expositor proprietor 1844Dissenter who became a prominent jurist
Sarah M. ClevelandRelief Society1788 · MassachusettsFirst Counselor, Nauvoo Relief Society 1842NoFaithfulFirst counselor in the founding Relief Society presidency
Elizabeth Ann WhitneyRelief Society1800 · Derby, ConnecticutSecond Counselor, Nauvoo Relief Society 1842NoFaithful; to UtahSecond counselor in the founding Relief Society presidency
Eliza R. SnowRelief Society1804 · Becket, MassachusettsSecretary, Nauvoo Relief Society 1842NoFaithful; later general Relief Society president in Utah'Zion's poetess'; founding secretary of the Relief Society
Isaac HaleAssociates / non-members1763 · Waterbury, Connecticut(never a member)NoNever joined; remained hostile to Joseph SmithEmma's father and a noted early opponent
Josiah StowellAssociates / non-members1770 · Winchester, New Hampshire(no office)NoBelieved and was baptized; later activity limitedEmployer whose 1825 hire brought Joseph to Harmony; a court witness for him